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Constanţa's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2016
Discover the evolution of Constanţa's urban landscape through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Copenhagen's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1988 to 2013
Explore the urban evolution in Copenhagen through captivating Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Beirut's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2016
View the urban evolution of Beirut through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images spanning 32 years.
Belfast's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1988 to 2016
View 28 years of Belfast's evolution through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Baku's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1988 to 2016
Explore the urban transformation of Baku over 28 years through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Atlantic Road, Norway: A Satellite Perspective from 1985 to 2014
Discover the evolution of the Atlantic Road in Norway through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images spanning 29 years.
Antalya's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2015
View the evolution of Antalya's coastal landscape and urban areas through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge's Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 2009 to 2018
View satellite images of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge as captured by Landsat 5, 8, and Copernicus Sentinel-2.
Rijeka's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2016
Explore the evolution of Rijeka over 32 years through Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images.
Riga's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1986 to 2016
View the evolving urban landscape of Riga through Landsat satellite images, spanning 30 years.
Porto's Urban Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2015
Witness the urban evolution of Porto and its surroundings through 31 years of Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 satellite images.
Niagara Falls: A Satellite Perspective from 1992 to 2017
View the evolution of Niagara Falls over 25 years through satellite images captured by Landsat 5 and 8.
Athens and the Piraeus coast: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2014
Explore 30 years of urban development in Athens and the Piraeus coast through Landsat satellite images.
Adam's Bridge Evolution: A Satellite Perspective from 2006 to 2018
Discover the evolution of Adam's Bridge, the land connection between India and Sri Lanka, through satellite images.
Helsinki (Finland), 2004
View Helsinki in a SAR multitemporal composite image.
Red Sea: A Satellite Perspective from 1984 to 2004
Explore Landsat 5 imagery showcasing the evolving landscapes along the coasts of Egypt, Sudan and Saudi Arabia by the Red Sea.
Monitoring water on Earth's surface
ESA's Earth observation satellites are playing a leading role in furthering our understanding of how Earth's terrestrial hydrosphere is being influenced by humankind.
Global understanding of Earth's land surfaces greatly boosted by satellite data
ESA perform land surface monitoring with a range of instruments onboard satellites acquiring optical and radar data. Collections of data from these missions are freely available for research purposes.
PAZ ESA archive
The PAZ ESA archive collection consists of PAZ Level 1 data previously requested by ESA supported projects over their areas of interest around the world and, as a consequence, the products are scattered and dispersed worldwide and in different time windows. The dataset regularly grows as ESA collects new products over the years. Available modes are: StripMap mode (SM): SSD less than 3 m for a scene 30 km x 50 km in single polarization or 15 km x 50 km in dual polarisation ScanSAR mode (SC): the scene is 100 x 150 km2, SSD less than 18 m in signle pol only Wide ScanSAR mode (WS): single polarisation only, with SS less than 40 m and scene size of 270 x 200 km2 Spotlight modes (SL): SSD less than 2 m for a scene 10 km x 10 km, both single and dual polarization are available High Resolution Spotlight mode (HS): in both single and dual polarisation, the scene is 10x5 km2, SSD less than 1 m Staring Spotlight mode (ST): SSD is 25 cm, the scene size is 4 x 4 km2, in single polarisation only. The available geometric projections are: Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC): single look product, no geocoding, no radiometric artifact included, the pixel spacing is equidistant in azimuth and in ground range Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD): detected multi look product, simple polynomial slant-to-ground projection is performed in range, no image rotation to a map coordinate system is performed Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC): multi look detected product, projected and re-sampled to the WGS84 reference ellipsoid with no terrain corrections Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC): multi look detected product, projected and re-sampled to the WGS84 reference ellipsoid, the image distortions caused by varying terrain height are corrected using a DEM. The following table summarises the offered product types. EO-SIP product type Operation Mode Geometric Projection Geometric Projection PSP_SM_SSC Stripmap (SM) Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC) PSP_SM_MGD Stripmap (SM) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_SM_GEC Stripmap (SM) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_SM_EEC Stripmap (SM) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) PSP_SC_MGD ScanSAR (SC) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_SC_GEC ScanSAR (SC) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_SC_EEC ScanSAR (SC) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_SC_SSC ScanSAR (SC) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) PSP_SL_SSC Spotlight (SL) Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC) PSP_SL_MGD Spotlight (SL) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_SL_GEC Spotlight (SL) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_SL_EEC Spotlight (SL) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) PSP_HS_SSC High Resolution Spotlight (HS) Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC) PSP_HS_MGD High Resolution Spotlight (HS) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_HS_GEC High Resolution Spotlight (HS) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_HS_EEC High Resolution Spotlight (HS) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) PSP_ST_SSC Staring Spotlight (ST) Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC) PSP_ST_MGD Staring Spotlight (ST) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_ST_GEC Staring Spotlight (ST) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_ST_EEC Staring Spotlight (ST) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) PSP_WS_SSC Wide ScanSAR (WS) Single Look Slant Range Complex (SSC) PSP_WS_MGD Wide ScanSAR (WS) Multi Look Ground Range Detected (MGD) PSP_WS_GEC Wide ScanSAR (WS) Geocoded Ellipsoid Corrected (GEC) PSP_WS_EEC Wide ScanSAR (WS) Enhanced Ellipsoid Corrected (EEC) As per ESA policy, very high-resolution data over conflict areas cannot be provided.
Satellite data boost global understanding of land surface
Understanding our changing land surface is essential in the study of climate change. Satellites are used to monitor changes to the material that covers Earth’s surface, so-called land cover, such as vegetation and water.